Use of family history taking for hereditary neoplastic syndromes screening in primary health care: A systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: Although most neoplasms result from complex interactions between the individual's genome and the environment, a percentage of cases is particularly due to inherited alterations that confer a greater predisposition to the development of tumors. Hereditary Neoplastic Syndromes have a high psychosocial and economic burden, in addition to being characterized by an increased risk for one or more types of cancer, onset of malignancy at a young age, high risk of secondary malignancies, and occurrence in successive generations of the family. Personal and family history, as well as pedigree, may be useful resources to estimate the risk for developing cancer, especially in Primary Health Care settings. OBJECTIVE: To identify and evaluate the evidence regarding the impact of using family history as a genomic technology for Hereditary Neoplastic Syndromes screening at Primary Health Care. METHODS: This systematic review protocol was elaborated in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will include all observational as well as experimental study designs published up to end of July 2022, and studies covering the impact of family history on screening for Hereditary Neoplastic Syndromes in primary health care. Qualitative studies, as well as guidelines, reviews, and studies undertaken in hospitals, outpatient clinic, or medical environments will be excluded. Five databases will be searched, including MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and LILACS. Additional sources will also be retrieved, including Clinical trials.gov-NIH, The British Library, and Google Scholar. No restriction to language or date will be employed in the search strategy. Three investigators will select studies independently, perform data extraction, and conduct the critical appraisal of the risk of bias and overall quality of the selected studies according to their designs. Regarding data synthesis, the study characteristics will be summarized and presented in tables and results will be presented according to the study design. A qualitative synthesis of data will also be provided in this systematic review. DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, this systematic review will be the first to identify and critically assess evidence regarding the impact of using family history as a genomic technology for Hereditary Neoplastic Syndromes screening in Primary Health Care settings worldwide. This study is expected to provide consistent evidence that will aid the primary care decision-makers regarding hereditary cancer screening, thus helping individuals and families at risk for cancer. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020166211.

Effectiveness of complementary therapies for the management of symptom clusters in palliative care in pediatric oncology: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of complementary therapies in the management of symptom clusters in children and adolescents with cancer undergoing palliative care. METHOD: Systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, resorting to the databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, Central Cochrane, and PsycINFO. The identification, selection, inclusion, extraction, and methodological assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: Five quasi-experiments met the eligibility criteria. The heterogeneous characteristics of the studies made meta-analysis impossible. Two studies used therapeutic massage, one used Reiki, one used boswellic acid, and one used Cannabis sativa; three of them (therapeutic massage and Reiki) presented statistically significant results for the management of the cluster pain-anxiety-worry-dyspnea. Most studies presented a moderate risk of bias as per ROBINS-I tool. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic massage and Reiki may be effective for the symptom clusters management, especially the pain-anxiety-worry-dyspnea cluster in children and adolescents undergoing palliative care.

Effectiveness of complementary therapies for the management of symptom clusters in palliative care in pediatric oncology: a systematic review / Efectividad de las terapias complementarias para el manejo de los grupos de síntomas en los cuidados paliativos en oncopediatría: revisión sistemática / Efetividade de terapias complementares para o manejo de clusters de sintomas em cuidados paliativos em oncopediatria: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of complementary therapies in the management of symptom clusters in children and adolescents with cancer undergoing palliative care. Method: Systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, resorting to the databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, Central Cochrane, and PsycINFO. The identification, selection, inclusion, extraction, and methodological assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. Results: Five quasi-experiments met the eligibility criteria. The heterogeneous characteristics of the studies made meta-analysis impossible. Two studies used therapeutic massage, one used Reiki, one used boswellic acid, and one used Cannabis sativa; three of them (therapeutic massage and Reiki) presented statistically significant results for the management of the cluster pain-anxiety-worry-dyspnea. Most studies presented a moderate risk of bias as per ROBINS-I tool. Conclusion: Therapeutic massage and Reiki may be effective for the symptom clusters management, especially the pain-anxiety-worry-dyspnea cluster in children and adolescents undergoing palliative care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de las terapias complementarias para el manejo de los grupos de síntomas en niños y adolescentes con cáncer en cuidados paliativos. Método: Revisión sistemática guiada por Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, con acceso a las bases de datos MEDLINE, Web of Science, Central Cochrane y PsycINFO. La identificación, selección, inclusión, extracción y evaluación metodológica fueron realizadas por dos revisores de forma independiente. Resultados: Cinco cuasi-experimentos cumplían los criterios de elegibilidad. Las características heterogéneas de los estudios impidieron el metanálisis. Dos estudios utilizaron la terapia de masaje; uno, el Reiki; uno, el ácido boswélico; y uno, la Cannabis sativa; tres de ellos (los que utilizaron la terapia de masaje y el Reiki) mostraron resultados estadísticamente significativos para el tratamiento del grupo dolor-ansiedad-preocupación-disnea. La mayoría de los estudios mostraron un riesgo de sesgo moderado según la herramienta ROBINS-I. Conclusión: La terapia de masaje y el Reiki pueden ser terapias efectivas para el manejo de los grupos de síntomas, especialmente el grupo dolor-ansiedad-preocupación-disnea en niños y adolescentes con cáncer en cuidados paliativos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de terapias complementares no manejo dos clusters de sintomas em crianças e adolescentes com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Método: Revisão sistemática guiada pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, com acesso às bases de dados MEDLINE, Web of Science, Central Cochrane e PsycINFO. A identificação, seleção, inclusão, extração e avaliação metodológica foram realizadas por dois revisores independentemente. Resultados: Atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade cinco quase-experimentos. As características heterogêneas dos estudos impossibilitaram a meta-análise. Dois estudos utilizaram a massagem terapêutica; um, o Reiki; um, ácido boswélico; e um, a Cannabis sativa, sendo que três deles (que usaram massagem terapêutica e Reiki) apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significantes para o manejo do cluster dor-ansiedade-preocupação-dispneia. A maioria dos estudos apresentou risco-de-viés moderado pela ferramenta ROBINS-I. Conclusão: A massagem terapêutica e o Reiki podem ser terapias efetivas para o manejo de clusters de sintomas, especialmente o cluster dor-ansiedade-preocupação-dispneia em crianças e adolescentes com câncer em cuidados paliativos.

Efficacy of the complementary therapies in the management of cancer pain in palliative care: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: to synthesize the knowledge and to critically evaluate the evidences arising from randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of the complementary therapies in the management of cancer pain in adult patients with cancer in palliative care. METHOD: a systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The search for articles in the MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL Cochrane, and PsycINFO databases, as well as the manual search, selection of studies, data extraction, and methodological assessment using the Cochrane Bias Risk tool were performed independently by two reviewers. RESULTS: eight hundred and fifteen (815) studies were identified, six of them being selected and analyzed, of which three used massage therapy, one study used a combination of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imaging, and another two studies used acupuncture. Most of the studies had an uncertain risk of bias (n=4; 67%). CONCLUSION: while the evidence from the studies evaluating the use of massage therapy or the use of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imaging for the management of cancer pain in these patients demonstrated significant benefits, the other two studies that evaluated the use of acupuncture as a complementary therapy showed contradictory results, therefore, needing more research studies to elucidate such findings.

Efficacy of the complementary therapies in the management of cancer pain in palliative care: A systematic review / Eficácia das terapias complementares no manejo da dor oncológica em cuidados paliativos: revisão sistemática / Eficacia de las terapias complementarias en el manejo del dolor oncológico en los cuidados paliativos: revisión sistemática

Objective: to synthesize the knowledge and to critically evaluate the evidences arising from randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of the complementary therapies in the management of cancer pain in adult patients with cancer in palliative care. Method: a systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The search for articles in the MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL Cochrane, and PsycINFO databases, as well as the manual search, selection of studies, data extraction, and methodological assessment using the Cochrane Bias Risk tool were performed independently by two reviewers. Results: eight hundred and fifteen (815) studies were identified, six of them being selected and analyzed, of which three used massage therapy, one study used a combination of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imaging, and another two studies used acupuncture. Most of the studies had an uncertain risk of bias (n=4; 67%). Conclusion: while the evidence from the studies evaluating the use of massage therapy or the use of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imaging for the management of cancer pain in these patients demonstrated significant benefits, the other two studies that evaluated the use of acupuncture as a complementary therapy showed contradictory results, therefore, needing more research studies to elucidate such findings.

Objetivo: sintetizar o conhecimento e avaliar criticamente as evidências provenientes de ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados sobre a eficácia das terapias complementares no manejo da dor oncológica em pacientes adultos com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Método: revisão sistemática guiada pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A busca dos artigos nas bases de dados MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL Cochrane e PsycINFO, bem como a busca manual, seleção dos estudos, extração dos dados e avaliação metodológica pela ferramenta do Risco de Viés da Cochrane foram realizadas por dois revisores de forma independente. Resultados: foram identificados 815 estudos, sendo seis selecionados e analisados, dos quais três utilizaram a massagem terapêutica, um estudo usou uma combinação de relaxamento muscular progressivo e imagem guiada, e outros dois estudos a acupuntura. A maioria dos estudos apresentou risco de viés incerto (n=4; 67%). Conclusão: enquanto as evidências dos estudos que avaliaram o uso da massagem terapêutica ou o uso de relaxamento muscular progressivo e imagem guiada para manejo da dor oncológica nesses pacientes mostraram benefícios significativos, os outros dois estudos que avaliaram o uso da acupuntura como terapia complementar exibiram resultados divergentes, necessitando, portanto, de mais pesquisas para elucidar tais achados.

Objetivo: sintetizar conocimiento y realizar el análisis crítico de las evidencias procedentes de ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios sobre la eficacia de las terapias complementarias en el manejo del dolor oncológico en pacientes adultos con cáncer en cuidados paliativos. Método: revisión sistemática guiada por el Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. La búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL Cochrane y PsycINFO, así como la búsqueda manual, selección de estudios, extracción de datos y evaluación metodológica con la utilización de la herramienta Riesgo de Sesgo de Cochrane se realizaron por dos revisores de forma independiente. Resultados: se identificaron 815 estudios, de los cuales, seis fueron seleccionados y analizados, siendo que tres utilizaron masaje terapéutico, un estudio utilizó una combinación de relajación muscular progresiva e imagen guiada, y otros dos estudios la acupuntura. La mayor parte de los estudios presentaron riesgo de sesgo incierto (n=4; 67%) Conclusión: mientras las evidencias de los estudios que evalúan el uso de la del masaje terapéutico o el uso de la relajación muscular progresiva y las imágenes guiadas para el manejo del dolor oncológico en estos pacientes demostraron beneficios significativos, los otros dos estudios que evaluaron el uso de la acupuntura como terapia complementaria mostraron resultados divergentes, razón por la cual se requiere de más investigación para dilucidar tales hallazgos.

Fatores Associados ao Atraso entre o Diagnóstico e o Início do Tratamento de Câncer de Mama: um Estudo de Coorte com 204130 Casos no Brasil / Factors Associated with Delay between Diagnosis and Initiation of Breast Cancer Treatment: a Cohort Study with 204130 Cases in Brazil / Factores Asociados con el Retardo entre el Diagnóstico y el Inicio del Tratamiento del Cáncer de Mama: un Estudio de Cohorte con 204130 Casos en Brasil

Introdução: O câncer de mama é considerado um problema de saúde pública, tendo crescente incidência mundial. Diversos fatores contribuem para o diagnóstico tardio e dificultam o início do tratamento, repercutindo em um pior prognóstico. Objetivos: Analisar o intervalo de tempo entre o diagnóstico e o início do primeiro tratamento oncológico na população brasileira, além de avaliar os fatores associados aos maiores intervalos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 540.529 pacientes cadastrados no Sistema de Registros Hospitalares de Câncer (SisRHC)no período de 2000 a 2017. Utilizou-se como desfecho o intervalo de tempo entre o diagnóstico e o início do primeiro tratamento oncológico, considerando-se como atraso o intervalo maior do que 60 dias. Para análise das variáveis, foram realizadas análise descritiva e regressão logística simples (IC95%; p<0,05). Resultados: Foram analisados 204.130 casos que apresentaram média de idade de 55,8 anos (±13,24), sendo predominantemente do sexo feminino (99,1%), 55,1% eram da Região Sudeste e 71,4% residiam em cidades não capitais. A mediana do intervalo de tempo entre o diagnóstico e o início do primeiro tratamento oncológico foi de 63 dias (variação interquartil = 36-109). As variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e relacionadas ao tratamento mostraram impacto no intervalo de tempo, com exceção da variável sexo. Conclusão: O tempo entre o diagnóstico e o início do primeiro tratamento oncológico foi elevado. Fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e relacionados ao tratamento influenciam nos intervalos de tempo. Identificá-los precocemente pode contribuir para o direcionamento de ações a esses grupos mais vulneráveis ao atraso.

Breast cancer is considered a public health problem with an increasing incidence worldwide. Several factors contribute to late diagnosis and hinder the initiation of the treatment, resulting in a worse prognosis. Objectives:To analyze the time interval between diagnosis and the beginning of the first oncologic treatment in the Brazilian population, in addition to assessing the factors associated with the longest time intervals. Method: Retrospective cohort study with 540,529 patients registered in the Hospital Cancer Registry System (SisRHC) from 2000 to 2017. The outcome was the time between diagnosis and the beginning of the first oncologic treatment, considering the interval greater than 60 days as delay. Descriptive analysis and simple logistic regression were performed (95% CI; p <0.05) to analyze the variables. Results: 204,130 cases were analyzed, mean age of 55.8 years (± 13.24), predominantly females (99.1%), 55.1% were from the southeast region and 71% lived in non-capital cities. The median of the time interval between diagnosis and the beginning of the first oncologic treatment was 63 days (interquartile range = 36-109). Sociodemographic, clinical and treatment-related variables affect the time interval, except the gender variable. Conclusion: The time between diagnosis and the beginning of the first oncologic treatment was high. Sociodemographic, clinical and treatment-related factors influence time intervals. Their early identification can contribute to guide the actions toward these most vulnerable groups to delay.

Introducción: El cáncer de mama se considera un problema de salud pública con una incidencia mundial creciente. Varios factores contribuyen al diagnóstico tardío y dificultan el inicio del tratamiento, resultando en un peor pronóstico. Objetivos:Analizar el intervalo de tiempo entre el diagnóstico y el comienzo del primer tratamiento oncologico en la población brasileña, además de evaluar los factores asociados con los intervalos de tiempo más largos. Método: Este es un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo con 540.529 pacientes registrados en el Hospital Cancer Registry System (SisRHC) desde 2000 hasta 2017. El resultado fue el intervalo de tiempo entre el diagnóstico y el comienzo del primer tratamiento oncologico, considerando como retraso el intervalo superior a 60 días. Para el análisis de las variables, se realizó un análisis descriptivo y una regresión logística simple (IC 95%; p <0,05). Resultados: Se analizaron 204,130 casos, con una edad media de 55,8 años (±13,24), predominantemente mujeres (99,1%), 55,1% de la región sureste y 71,4% residentes en ciudades no capitales.La mediana del intervalo de tiempo entre el diagnóstico y el comienzo del primer tratamiento contra el cáncer fue de 63 días (rango intercuartil = 36-109). Las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y relacionadas con el tratamiento tuvieron un impacto en el intervalo de tiempo, con la excepción de la variable de género. Conclusión: El intervalo de tiempo promedio entre el diagnóstico y el comienzo del primer tratamiento oncologico fue alto. Además, se observó que los factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y relacionados con el tratamiento influyen en los intervalos de tiempo, por lo que identificarlos temprano puede contribuir a acciones directas para estos grupos más vulnerables al retraso.